Realmi 3i /Technical club

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Working knowledge

In order to perform work such as installing and repairing, a technician must have basic knowledge of wiring and tools and equipment that he has to work with/upon.

Domestic wiring

In our homes, we receive power supply through a main supply. These are either supported through overhead electric poles or by underground cables. The electric power line entering our house follows a color code for insulating these wires to avoid confusion:

•  Red wire:live wire
• Black wire: neutral wire
• Green wire:earth wire

The live wire has a high potential of 220 volt whereas the neutral

Common domestic circuits 

wire has zero potential. Thus, the potential difference between the live wire and the neutral wire is 220-0=220volt.The following image shows schematic diagram of one of the common domestic circuits:

Both live wire and neutral wire, come form an electric pole,then it is entered in a box fitted outside the house which consists main fuse.
A fuse is a piece of wire of a material with a very low melting point. This wire is connected in series to the "live wire" When a short circuit occurs due to high current flow,the wire heats up and melts due to which the circuit breaks and the current stops flowing.

Tools used by a Technician 

There are various tools used by a technician for performing tasks such as installation and repairing of dysfunctional appliances. 

Who is a Field Technician?

Technicians who have specialized technical knowledge for installing,  repairing and maintaining the industry equipment,  on or off customer site, are called field technicians. Their work is dependent on the type of equipment they are skilled in.  For instance, if a person is skilled in installing,  servicing or repairing home appliances than he/she may be known as field technical for home appliances.
Other home appliances' field technicians has an after sales service job of installing and providing support related to typing small home appliances such as water purifier, mixer/juicer/grinder and microwave oven. Technicaians generally conduct site visits to install or repair these appliances.
The following figure shows some of the attributes that a FT-OHA must possess :

Patience

Being patient helps an individual to work efficiently when a particular situation is solvable. An individual with patients to be :

• Efficient in work, especially in time of crisis. 
• Capable of managing clients with temper. 

Integrity

Possessing integrity stretches to all aspects of an employee's job. An individual with integrity promotes:

• Trusting relationship with clients. 
• Good intentions with colleagues and supervisors.

Punctuality

An individual should be punctual as it helps in :

• Being organized 
• Being aware of the timeline .
• Planning the day's activities and the complete work plan for each installation. 

Critical Thinking 

An individual must have critical thinking as it helps to:

• Analys and evaluate the issue in order to from a judgment. 
• Take decision wisely. 

 Skills to Build Good Interpersonal Relationships

Building a good interpersonal relationships helps an individual to:

• Work as good team member for achieving smooth workflow and a satisfied customer 
• Communication the constraints and quality requirements to the team  

•  Build team coordinator 

Electromechanical Components

Electromechanical components convert electric energy to mechanical energy (mechanical movement)  or vice versa for carrying out electric operations. The following figure lists various Electromechanical Components :

Motor 

A motor is an electrical components which is used to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy to produce linear or rotary force.  Unlike magnetic solenoids,  they generate usable mechanical powers. 

In a normal motoring mode,  force is generated inside the motor through the interaction between it's winding current and magnetic field.  Appliances such as water purifier and mixer/juicer/grinder have this component.  The following image shows the motor used in a mixer grinder :

Printed Circuit Board (PCB) 

A PCB acts as a base for the components that are mounted on its surface and interconnection with wires,  conductive tracks and so on. The components are generally soldered on the circuit board according to the specified design.  Appliances such as microwave oven,  water purifier and mixer/juicer/grinder have this component.  The following image shows a PCB : 

Connector 

A connector is a device which is used to join two circuits together.  The connector may be a port,  a plug, a cable connector and so on. All appliances have.this either in the form of a cable connector or a plug,  as shown in the following image :

Switch 

A switch is a component used to make or break connections in an electrical circuit.  A switch is used to divert the current form one conductor to another one.  It can be operated manually to control a circuit such as a light switch or can be operated by a moving object.  It is made to control a wide range of currents and voltages 

The following image shows a typical switch used in small appliances such as a mixer/juicer/grinder:

Relay 

A relay is a switch that controls an electrical by opening and closing contacts in another circuits,  Electromechanically or electronically . In Electromechanical relays,  the switching is electronic as three are no contact.  Appliances such as microwave oven and water purifier have this component.  The Electromechanical relays are operated by an electromagnet which is a coil of wire wrapped round an a iron core.  The following image shows both the relays :

Circuit Breaker 

A circuit breaker is a requisite component of an electrical power system required for it's control and protection.  It is a switching device which can be operated manually as well as automatically such as microwave oven and mixer/juicer/grinder have this component.  The following image shows a circuit breaker :

Starter 

A starter is a device that is used to start, stop,  reverse and protect a motor. It controls the supply of electric power to the motor.  It has important parts,  contactors and overload protection. Appliances such as microwave oven and mixer/juicer/grinder have this component.  The following image shows a starter:

Timer 

A time,  also known as a time switch, is a special type of clock that measures time intervals . It operates a switch that is controlled using a timing device. A timer may be built into a power circuits such as a water heater timer. It may also be built into the equipment such as a timer that turns off cooking in microwave oven after a set period.  The following image shows an appliance that has it :

Passive Components

Passive components are those components which can perform their specific functions without any power source. These components are incapable of controlling current.

The following figure lists the different types of passive components in a circuit :

Transformer

A transformer consists of a metal with coils of wire around it. It's a device used to convert alternating voltage in an electronic or electric system. Appliances such as microwave oven, water purifier and mixer/juicer /grinder haves this component. The following image shows a transformer:

Resistor

A resistor is a component in an electronic circuit which is built to resist or limit the flow of current in that circuit. It may be a small carbon device or big wire-wound power resister.Its size varies in length from 5mm up to 300mm. Appliances such as microwave oven, water purifier and mixer/juicer/grinder have this component.

The following image shows resistors:

Capacitor

A capacitor is a device  which is made one or more pairs of conductorvand insulation separating them. It is used to store electric charge. Appliances such as microwave oven, water purifier and mixer/juicer/have this component.the following image show capacitors:

Inductorby

An indicator consist of a coil or a wire loop. This component is used to store energy in form of magnetic field. The more the turns in the coil, the more will be the  inductance. Appliances such as microwave oven and water purifier have this component. The following image shows indicator :

Thermistor

A thermostat is a kind of resistor which is more sensitive to temperature as compared to other resistor. It is extensively used as an inrush current limiter,temperature sensor,  selfregulating heating element and self-resetting overcurret protector.

Appliances such as microwave oven and mixer/juicer/grinder have this component. The following image shown a thermistor:

Active components

Active components on a source of energy to perform their function. These components can amplify current and can produce a power gain.The following figure lists the different types of active components in a circuit :

Diode

A diode is a specialized electronic component  with two  terminals known as the anode and the cathode. It has asymmetric conductance, which means that it conducts mainly in one director.It has very less resistance, ideally zero, to the flow of current in one direction whereas it has high resistance, ideally infinite, in the other direction. Diodes are usually made up of semiconductor materials such as germanium, silicon or selenium. Appliances such as germanium, silicone or selenium. Appliances such as microwave oven,  water purifier and mixer /juicer/grider  have this  component. The following image shown diodes: 

Transistor 

A transistor is an electronic device, made up of semiconductor material. Usually, it consists three or more terminals for connecting to an external circuit. It is utilized to amplify or switch electrical power and electronic signals. Appliances such as microwave oven, water purifier and mixer/juicer/grinder have this component. 

The following image shown a transistor :

IC

An IC, also known as a microchip, is a semiconductor  water on which a number of small resistors, capacitors are fabricated. It can work as an oscillator,  an appliance such as microwave oven,  water purifier and mixer, juicer and grinder has this component. The following image shows an integrated  circuit:

LED 

An LED is made of a p-n junction  diode which releases light when it is activated.It is a two-lead semiconductor  source  of light. Energy is released as photons when a suitable voltage is applied to the leads. Appliances such as microwave oven, water purifier and mixer /juicer /grinder have this component. The following image  shown an LED:

Measurements of Electrical Parameters

There are many types of measuring tools available to measure voltage, current, power and energy. Some of the measuring tools are:

• Multimeter 
• Clamp meter 

Multimeter 

A Multimeter can be used for measuring voltage, current and resistance. It can also be used for fault detection in small circuit or to find out the broken wires in a circuit. It can be of two types:

• Analog Multimeter 
• Digital Multimeter 

The following figure shows the difference types of multimeter :

Analog Multimeter 

It consists of a needle which points at the scale built on it for giving the measured value. 

Digital Multimeter 

    It is an electronic meter which displays the measured value in a digital from. 

Usually, a standard Multimeter can measure the following electrical quantities :

• DC Voltage 
• DC Current 
• AC Voltage 
• AC Current
• Resistance 

Clamp Meter 

An electrical tester which combines a Multimeter with a current se nsor is known as a clamp meter. The probes in the device measure voltage, whereas the current. The clamp are the hinged jaws joined to an electric meter that allows users to clamp around the cable/wire using a clamp meter, the wire/cable to be measured is not disconnected. The following images shows type of clamp meter :

Usually, a standard clamp meter can measure the follo wing electrical quantities :

• AC current 
• Temperature 
• AC voltage 
• Capacitance 
• DC voltage 
• Resistance 
• DC current 
• Frequency 

AC and DC Current

The following figure lists the two types of current sources that are dependent on the direction in which the electrons flow:

Resistance 

According to Ohm's law, the flow of current  through a conducting is directly proportional to the conductor's voltage. The mathematical equation of Ohm's law is as follows :

I=V/R

Where, 

I is the current 

Vivo is the potential difference 

R is the resistance 

Ohm's law states that R in the preceding relation is constant and independent of the current flowing through it is as shown in the following image :

AC and DC Current

The following figure lists the two types of current sources that are dependent on the direction in which the electrons flow:

Parameters of Electric Circuit

Electricity is a natural force that comes into existence whenever there is a flow of electric charge between any two components. When working with circuit, awareness about some of the basic a high damage to the user and the circuit components. The main parameters associated with electricity are as follows :

• Voltage 
• Current 
• Resistance 

Voltage 

A force that causes electricity to move across the wire/cable is known as voltage. It can also be defined as the variance in the charge between the points of a circuit. Depending the voltage, the is denoted with letter V.
 
    Current 

Electric current,or simply current,is the flow of electric charge carried through electrons moving across wires. Ampere is the unit of current and denoted with letter I. The units of current are listed in the following table:
             
              Unit.                       Denoted by

     Micro-Ampere.             (uA) =10-6A
     Millie-Ampere.             (mA) =10-3A
         
          Ampere.                           (A)

Types of Electric circuit /www Tech. Com /www.technical.com

An electric circuit is classified into types:

• Sries circuit
• Parallel circuit 

Series Circuit 

In this type of a circuit, all components are connected as a chain and the current following through each of them is the same all over the circuit. There is a single route through which the current flows. So, the current passes through each and every component .Opening or breaking any point of a series circuit causes the whole circuit to stop functioning which then needs to be replaced. The following image represents a series circuit :

Parallel Circuit 

In this type of a circuit, two or more components are connected in a parallel manner. In a parallel circuit, the components are of the same voltage. The current flow varies across the components.If any point of the circuit gets damaged, only that part needs to be replaced.

The following image represents a parallel circuit :

Electric circuit

It is a path made by the interconnection of electrical components. Electrons from a voltage or current source flow along this path. The following figure lists the elements present in a basic electric circuit :

An

Electric circuit

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Electric Circuit

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